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[经验分享] 实现OpenHarmony简单的Http客户端 原创 精华

网络与连接
深开鸿_王石 显示全部楼层 发表于 2023-12-21 10:16:54

概述

  • HTTP 是一个基于 TCP/IP 通信协议来传递数据（HTML 文件、图片文件、查询结果等）；
  • HTTP是一个属于应用层的面向对象的协议，由于其简捷、快速的方式，适用于分布式超媒体信息系统。它于1990年提出，经过几年的使用与发展，得到不断地完善和扩展。目前在WWW中使用的是HTTP/1.0的第六版，HTTP/1.1的规范化工作正在进行之中，而且HTTP-NG(Next Generation of HTTP)的建议已经提出；
  • HTTP协议工作于客户端-服务端架构为上。浏览器作为HTTP客户端通过URL向HTTP服务端即WEB服务器发送所有请求。Web服务器根据接收到的请求后，向客户端发送响应信息；

HTTP请求消息Request

  • 请求数据结构如下

    image.png

  • 一个Get的sample

在浏览器输入www.baidu.com然后回车即可看到浏览器显示了百度的页面，按F12可以看到具体内容：

image.png

上图里我们可以看到在请求的url是www.baidu.com，请求的方法是GET，服务器的IP地址是180.101.49.14:443(https,若是http就是80)

  • 一个Post的sample

    image.png

    上图里我们可以看到在请求的url是https://cysz.hopethink.com/qhhsd/app/getH5HsdList，请求的方法是POST，服务器的IP地址是114.215.124.251:443(https,若是http就是80)，请求内容类型application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8，请求数据长度84，请求数据

此样例参考小熊派设计，使用小熊派HM_Micro开发板进行验证

应用开发流程

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block md-diagram md-fences-advanced ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="mermaid" cid="n29" mdtype="fences" mermaid-type="graph"><div class="md-diagram-panel md-fences-adv-panel"><div class="md-diagram-panel-header"></div><div class="md-diagram-panel-preview"><svg id="mermaidChart0" width="100%" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="61.59375" viewBox="0 0 754.65625 61.59375" class="in-text-selection"><g><g class="output"><g class="clusters"></g><g class="edgePaths"><g class="edgePath LS-建立build.gn LE-建立helloworld.c" id="L-建立build.gn-建立helloworld.c"><path class="path" d="M122.78125,30.796875L147.78125,30.796875L172.78125,30.796875" marker-end="url(#arrowhead22)"></path><defs><marker id="arrowhead22" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerUnits="strokeWidth" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" orient="auto"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" class="arrowheadPath"></path></marker></defs></g><g 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marker-end="url(#arrowhead25)"></path><defs><marker id="arrowhead25" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerUnits="strokeWidth" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" orient="auto"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" class="arrowheadPath"></path></marker></defs></g></g><g class="edgeLabels"><g class="edgeLabel" transform=""><g transform="translate(0,0)" class="label"><rect rx="0" ry="0" width="0" height="0"></rect><foreignObject width="0" height="0"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span id="L-L-建立build.gn-建立helloworld.c" class="edgeLabel L-LS-建立build.gn' L-LE-建立helloworld.c"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="edgeLabel" transform=""><g transform="translate(0,0)" class="label"><rect rx="0" ry="0" width="0" height="0"></rect><foreignObject width="0" height="0"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span id="L-L-建立helloworld.c-添加httpget" class="edgeLabel L-LS-建立helloworld.c' L-LE-添加httpget"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="edgeLabel" transform=""><g transform="translate(0,0)" class="label"><rect rx="0" ry="0" width="0" height="0"></rect><foreignObject width="0" height="0"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span id="L-L-添加httpget-添加httppost" class="edgeLabel L-LS-添加httpget' L-LE-添加httppost"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="edgeLabel" transform=""><g transform="translate(0,0)" class="label"><rect rx="0" ry="0" width="0" height="0"></rect><foreignObject width="0" height="0"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span id="L-L-添加httppost-验证" class="edgeLabel L-LS-添加httppost' L-LE-验证"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g></g><g class="nodes"><g class="node default" id="flowchart-建立build.gn-5" transform="translate(65.390625,30.796875)"><rect rx="0" ry="0" x="-57.390625" y="-22.796875" width="114.78125" height="45.59375" class="label-container"></rect><g class="label" transform="translate(0,0)"><g transform="translate(-47.390625,-12.796875)"><foreignObject width="94.78125" height="25.59375"><div 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default" id="flowchart-添加httppost-8" transform="translate(585.78125,30.796875)"><rect rx="0" ry="0" x="-58.875" y="-22.796875" width="117.75" height="45.59375" class="label-container"></rect><g class="label" transform="translate(0,0)"><g transform="translate(-48.875,-12.796875)"><foreignObject width="97.75" height="25.59375"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">添加httppost</div></foreignObject></g></g></g><g class="node default" id="flowchart-验证-9" transform="translate(720.65625,30.796875)"><rect rx="0" ry="0" x="-26" y="-22.796875" width="52" height="45.59375" class="label-container"></rect><g class="label" transform="translate(0,0)"><g transform="translate(-16,-12.796875)"><foreignObject width="32" height="25.59375"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">验证</div></foreignObject></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg></div><div class="md-diagram-panel-error"></div></div></pre>

  1. 建立Build.gn

    import("//build/lite/config/component/lite_component.gni")

executable("hello_world_lib") {
    output_name = "hello_world"
    sources = [ "hello_world.c" ]
    include_dirs = []
    defines = []
    cflags_c = []
    ldflags = []
}

lite_component("my_app") {
    features = [
        ":hello_world_lib",
    ]
}

  2. 建立helloworld.c

    #include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    printf("\n************************************************\n");
    printf("\n\t\tHello httpget!\n");
    printf("\n************************************************\n\n");
    
    return 0;
}

  3. 添加httpget

    int sockfd, ret, i, h;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char str1[BUF_SIZE], str2[BUF_SIZE], buf[BUF_SIZE], *str;
socklen_t len;
fd_set   t_set1;
struct timeval  tv;
        
//创建套接字
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 ) {
    printf("create socket failed--- exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
};

bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (inet_pton(AF_INET, IPSTR_GET, &servaddr.sin_addr) <= 0 ){
    printf("inet_pton failed --- exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
};

if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
    printf("connect failed, exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
}
printf("connect remote server\n");
memset(str2, 0, BUF_SIZE);
strcat(str2, "theDataToGet");
str=(char *)malloc(BUF_SIZE);
len = strlen(str2);
sprintf(str, "%d", len);
//请求头部内容
memset(str1, 0, BUF_SIZE);
strcat(str1, "GET / HTTP/1.1\n");
strcat(str1, "Host: www.baidu.com\n");
strcat(str1, "Content-Type: text/html\n");
strcat(str1, "Content-Length: ");
strcat(str1, str);
//请求空行
strcat(str1, "\n\n");
//请求参数
strcat(str1, str2);
strcat(str1, "\r\n\r\n");
printf("%s\n",str1);

ret = write(sockfd,str1,strlen(str1));
if (ret < 0) {
    printf("socket write failed! errcode%d，errmsg'%s'\n",errno, strerror(errno));
    exit(0);
}else{
    printf("socket write %d bytes!\n\n", ret);
}

FD_ZERO(&t_set1);
FD_SET(sockfd, &t_set1);

while(1) {
    sleep(2);
    h = 0;
    h = select(sockfd +1, &t_set1, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    if (h < 0) {
        close(sockfd);
        printf("SELECT error, return -1!\n");
        return -1;
    };

    if (h > 0){
        memset(buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
        i= read(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
        if (i==0){
            close(sockfd);
            printf("read 0, return -1!\n");
            return -1;
        }

        printf("%s\n", buf);
    }
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;

  4. httppost

    int sockfd, ret, i, h;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char str1[BUF_SIZE], str2[BUF_SIZE], buf[BUF_SIZE], *str;
socklen_t len;
fd_set   t_set1;
struct timeval  tv;

if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 ) {
    printf("create sockt failed---exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
};

bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (inet_pton(AF_INET, IPSTR_POST, &servaddr.sin_addr) <= 0 ){
    printf("inet_pton failed---exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
};

if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
    printf("connect server failed, exit(0)!\n");
    exit(0);
}
printf("connect to server\n");

memset(str2, 0, BUF_SIZE);
strcat(str2, "keyword=&streetId=&pageNum=1&pageSize=1&ip=222.95.30.84");
str=(char *)malloc(BUF_SIZE);
len = strlen(str2);
sprintf(str, "%d", len);
//请求头部内容
memset(str1, 0, BUF_SIZE);
strcat(str1, "POST /qhhsd/app/getH5HsdList HTTP/1.1\n");
strcat(str1, "Host: cysz.hopethink.com\n");
strcat(str1, "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
strcat(str1, "Content-Length: ");
strcat(str1, str);
//请求空行
strcat(str1, "\n\n");
//str2的值为post的数据
strcat(str1, str2);
strcat(str1, "\r\n\r\n");
printf("%s\n",str1);

ret = write(sockfd,str1,strlen(str1));
if (ret < 0) {
    printf("socket write failed! errcode%d, errmsg'%s'\n",errno, strerror(errno));
    exit(0);
}else{
    printf("socket write %d bytes\n\n", ret);
}

FD_ZERO(&t_set1);
FD_SET(sockfd, &t_set1);

tv.tv_sec= 0;
tv.tv_usec= 0;
h= 0;

while(1) {
    sleep(2);
    h = select(sockfd +1, &t_set1, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    if (h == -1) {
        close(sockfd);
        printf("select error, return -1\n");
        return -1;
    };
    if ( FD_ISSET(sockfd, &t_set1) ){
        memset(buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
        i= read(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
        if (i==0){
            close(sockfd);
            printf("read 0, return -1!\n");
            return -1;
        }
        printf("%s\n", buf);
    }
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;

  5. 在main里增加方法和头文件

    • 头文件

      
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define IPSTR_GET "180.101.49.14" //服务器IP地址,上面查出来的;
#define IPSTR_POST "114.215.124.251"

#define PORT 80
#define BUF_SIZE 4096

    • 方法

      httpget();
httppost();

  6. 测试结果

    1. Get测试结果

      image.png

    2. Post测试结果

      image.png

总结

  1. http是建立在socket之上的数据结构化应用协议，可以通过拼socket包实现所有功能；
  2. 之后我们可以利用此接口实现一个核算地图的界面应用；

参考链接：

https://gitee.com/bearpi/bearpi-hm_micro_app/blob/master/README.md

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