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[经验分享] 如何编译OpenHarmony自带APP 原创

深开鸿_王石 显示全部楼层 发表于 2023-12-22 09:04:46

作者:王石

概述

OpenHarmony的主干代码是开源社区的重要学习资源,对于想进行应用开发和熟悉OpenHarmony能力的同学主干代码是非常重要的资源,在主干代码的applications目录里聚集了很多原生的应用实现,那么如何编译这些代码就是我们这篇文章的主要议题。

下载代码

参考:https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/zh-cn/release-notes/OpenHarmony-v3.2-release.md

使用DevEco导入编译

  1. 导入代码

image.png

  1. 自动下载npm包

导入应用后,IDE工具就会自动sync相关依赖npm包,完成之后会出现以下界面

image.png

  1. 然后即可以开始build

    image.png

  2. 一些报错处理

    • sdk依赖缺失

       ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:386:20
       Property 'removeDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
      
       ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:391:37
       Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
      
       ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:395:24
       Property 'connectToDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
      
       ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:439:41
       Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.
      

      以上错误即为sdk缺失导致,也就是import wifi from '@ohos.wifi';这个d.ts文件里没有和主干最新的接口和功能同步,这时候偷懒的法子就是在对应的文件头增加// @ts-nocheck,如下。如果是正规方式,则应该找主干代码里的对应文件,拷贝到IDE的sdk目录下。

      // @ts-nocheck
      import LogUtil from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/LogUtil';
      import ConfigData from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/ConfigData';
      import wifi from '@ohos.wifi';
      import BaseModel from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/model/BaseModel';

      按以上套路能编译出来,提示信息如下:

      > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileResources... after 602 ms
      > hvigor WARN:  ETS:WARN File: D:\gitee\applications_app_samples-master\settings1118\settings\settings\product\phone\src\main\ets\pages\volumeControl.ets
       It's not a recommended way to export struct with @Entry decorator, which may cause ACE Engine error in component preview mode. 
      
       COMPILE RESULT:SUCCESS { WARN:1} 
      > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileETS... after 33 s
      > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileJS... after 988 μs
      > hvigor Finished :phone:SyscapTransform... after 2 ms 210 μs
      > hvigor Finished :phone:PackageHap... after 1 s 510 ms
      > hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.
      > hvigor Finished :phone:SignHap... after 3 ms 580 μs
      > hvigor Finished :phone:assembleHap... after 73 μs
      > hvigor BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 37 s
      
      Process finished with exit code 0
      
    • hap包没有签名 按以上套路编出来的,会发现没有签名的hap包。如图:

      image.png

      这时候应该走File -> Project Structure -> Signing Configs -> automatically generate signature,如果有选中需要取消选中然后再选中,然后apply,最后OK。 但是这时候其实还没有显示出来,其实上面的报错也有显示,即:

      > hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.

      这是因为命名不匹配,需要修改build-profile.json5文件的signingConfig:

      "signingConfig": "release" 改成 "signingConfig": "default"

      这样应该就能编译出signed.hap这应用程序包了

    • install的权限问题 如果在安装的时候发现install的权限报错,则是很有可能是权限配置问题。OpenHarmony的应用分一般应用和系统应用,系统自带的applications大多是系统自带应用,所以配置IDE工具sdk里的UnsgnedReleasedProfileTemplate.json,具体位置在:sdk\toolchains\3.2.7.5(对应下载和使用的sdk版本)\lib。在这个文件里,我们需要修改以下位置:

      {
        "version-name": "2.0.0",
        "version-code": 2,
        "app-distribution-type": "os_integration",
        "uuid": "5027b99e-5f9e-465d-9508-a9e0134ffe18",
        "validity": {
          "not-before": 1594865258,
          "not-after": 1689473258
        },
        "type": "release",
        "bundle-info": {
          "developer-id": "OpenHarmony",
          "distribution-certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nL5RlJ/m5o13Q\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
          "bundle-name": "com.ohos.settings",
          //需要修改的系统应用权限
          "apl": "system_core",
          "app-feature": "hos_normal_app"
        },
        "acls": {
          //需要增加的权限,根据hap的权限申请设置
          "allowed-acls": [
            "ohos.permission.CAPTURE_SCREEN",
            "ohos.permission.MANAGE_USER_IDM"
          ]
        },
        "permissions": {
          "restricted-permissions": []
        },
        "issuer": "pki_internal"
      }

      这样一般就可以安装了

    • Install的包名问题 我们OpenHarmony主干拷贝出来的application的包名一定会和板子上运行的原程序同名的,这样安装时也会提示报错,这种时候,我们需要修改"bundleName": "com.ohos.settings", 以及sign文件里的对应的名字。大概是两个文件:

      1. product\phone\build\default\intermediates\merge_profile\default\module.json
        "bundleName": "com.ohos.settings", //改成新名字如newsetting
      2. build-profile.json5
        "signingConfigs": [
              {
                "name": "default",
                "material": {
                  "certpath": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.cer", //使用上面新名字替换com.ohos.settings
                  "storePassword": "0000001BC6E86D64AD786A77BBF86702F23E6DD32E016E263D961DBCD4710340CD6EAC6B2A4A43A53DDFA0",
                  "keyAlias": "debugKey",
                  "keyPassword": "0000001B9CB15173695726ED3460368DEEC246A602353461BBD9321C77513130E462B2BEB9F39DB201E92A",
                  "profile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p7b",
                  "signAlg": "SHA256withECDSA",
                  "storeFile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p12"
                }
              }
            ]

小结

通过上述方式,我们就能编译并安装运行OpenHarmony自带的应用并学习基础能力的开发了

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