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标题: Ubuntu22搭建支持OpenHarmony的Flutter应用开发环境详细教程 [打印本页]

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作者: westinyang    时间: 2023-10-29 11:15
标题: Ubuntu22搭建支持OpenHarmony的Flutter应用开发环境详细教程
[md]# 序言

> 实践过程中的部分视频演示
>
> - https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Dp4y1w7kP
> - https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Fj411t7mM

- 由于支持OpenHarmony的Flutter发布不久，还存在若干问题和文档遗漏，随着时间的推移都在不断完善，本文是我在搭建开发环境和探索研究过程下来的一个详细笔记，希望对大家有所帮助！
- 文中涉及到的一些源码存放目录和环境变量配置，请根据你实际存放的位置进行相应的调整。

# 环境概述

- Ubuntu 22.04 (虚拟机)
- Flutter Engine https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_engine
- Flutter SDK https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_flutter
- ohos-sdk-full 4.0 beta2 http://ci.openharmony.cn/workbench/cicd/dailybuild/dailylist

# Flutter Engine 环境和编译

## 安装依赖

- sudo apt install git curl unzip pkgconf python3-pip
- depot_tools

```shell
mkdir ~/work
cd ~/work
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git
vim ~/.bashrc
# --- 写入下面这行配置
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/work/depot_tools"
# ---
source ~/.bashrc
```

## 获取源码

```shell
ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# Gitee - 设置 - SSH公钥 - 添加

cd ~/work
mkdir engine
cd engine
touch .gclient
vim .gclient
# --- 写入如下内容
solutions = [
  {
    "managed": False,
    "name": "src/flutter",
    "url": "git@gitee.com:openharmony-sig/flutter_engine.git",
    "custom_deps": {},
    "deps_file": "DEPS",
    "safesync_url": "",
  },
]
# ---
gclient sync

# 从 http://ci.openharmony.cn/workbench/cicd/dailybuild/dailylist 每日构建中，下载ohos-sdk-full，在engine根目录下，新建文件夹 ndk/linux/4.0 ，解压ohos-sdk-full sdk中的native文件夹到 ndk/linux/4.0 文件夹中；
mkdir -p ndk/linux/4.0
cd ndk/linux/4.0
# 把 native-linux-x64-4.0.9.6-Beta2.zip 放到此目录，并解压
unzip native-linux-x64-4.0.9.6-Beta2.zip
```

## 编译构建

开始编译

```shell
cd ~/work/engine
make
```

出现如下错误

```log
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc -o obj/third_party/dart/runtime/bin/dart_io_api.socket_base_posix.o
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:154:12: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
    cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg);
           ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:160:15: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
       cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg), control_message++) {
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:263:33: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
         i++, message++, cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
                                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 errors generated.
[122/8624] CXX obj/flutter/third_party/tonic/file_loader/tonic.file_loader_posix.o
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
```

解决方案，忽略编译警告，重新编译通过

修改 /home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/build/config/compiler/BUILD.gn

```shell
# 搜索 default_warning_flags = 修改为下面的代码
# line 602 603
default_warning_flags = ["-Wno-sign-compare"]
default_warning_flags_cc = ["-Wno-sign-compare"]
```

编译成功输出目录

```log
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_debug_unopt_arm64
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_release_arm64
```

# Flutter SDK 环境和配置

## Clone SDK

```shell
git clone https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_flutter
```

## ~/.bashrc 完整环境

可以参考下，根据你实际的存放位置修改路径

```shell
# depot-tools
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/work/depot_tools"

# java
export JAVA_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/jdk-17.0.8
export PATH="$PATHJAVA_HOME/bin"

# node.js
export NODE_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/node-v14.19.1-linux-x64
export PATH="$PATHNODE_HOME/bin"

# ohos
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/env/oh-command-line-tools/bin"
export OHOS_SDK_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/ohos-sdk
export OHPM_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/oh-command-line-tools/ohpm
export SIGN_TOOL_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/developtools_hapsigner/autosign

# gradle
export GRADLE_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/gradle-7.1
export PATH="$PATHGRADLE_HOME/bin"

# flutter
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/env/flutter_flutter/bin"

# hdc
export HDC_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/ohos-sdk/10/toolchains
export PATH="$PATHHDC_HOME"
```

## 环境细节

- [Command Line Tools for OpenHarmony](https://developer.harmonyos.com/ ... studio#download_cli)
  - ohcommandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip
  - use ohos-full-sdk api10
  - ohpm/in/init 安装 ohpm `如果失败多尝试几次`
- [developtools_hapsigner](https://gitee.com/openharmony/developtools_hapsigner)
  - 参照developtools_hapsigner的readme，编译得到 hap-sign-tool.jar ，确保其在目录下：`./hapsigntool/hap_sign_tool/build/libs/hap-sign-tool.jar`（编译需要 `jdk11` + `gradle7.1`）
  - 进入autosign文件夹，执行命令 `chmod 777 *.sh`，并且新增 `profile_tmp_template.json` 文件，编辑如下：
  
  ```json
  {
    "version-name": "2.0.0",
    "version-code": 2,
    "app-distribution-type": "os_integration",
    "uuid": "5027b99e-5f9e-465d-9508-a9e0134ffe18",
    "validity": {
        "not-before": 1594865258,
        "not-after": 1689473258
    },
    "type": "release",
    "bundle-info": {
        "developer-id": "OpenHarmony",
        "distribution-certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\noN9sYD6Oks4VGRw6yQ==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
        "bundle-name": "{{ohosId}}",
        "apl": "normal",
        "app-feature": "hos_normal_app"
    },
    "acls": {
        "allowed-acls": [
            ""
        ]
    },
    "permissions": {
        "restricted-permissions": []
    },
    "issuer": "pki_internal"
  }
  ```
  
  - 编辑 `autosign.config` 和 `createAppCertAndProfile.config`，修改值：`sign.profile.inFile=profile_tmp.json`
  - 配置 `<当前项目flutter_flutter目录>/bin` 到环境变量PATH，确保 `which flutter` 能找到 `<flutter sdk>/bin/flutter` 位置
  - 运行 `flutter docker`，检查环境变量配置是否都正确
  - 打开vscode，安装flutter插件，如果flutter sdk配置正确，可发现OpenHarmony连接设备，可在vscode上运行和调试应用

## 补充细节

- ohos-sdk & hdc，通过 ohsdkmgr 手动下载SDK，添加api10的full-sdk，并配置到环境变量
- npm 需要正确配置 `.npmrc`，否则后续 `hvigor` 编译ohos项目会出错

```shell
touch ~/.npmrc
vim ~/.npmrc
# 写入如下内容
registry=https://registry.npmjs.org
@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/
# 或者这样
registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/
```

# 项目创建编译等命令

常用命令

```shell
# 环境检测       
flutter doctor

# 环境配置
flutter config --<key> <value>

# 创建新项目
flutter create --platforms ohos,android --org <org> <appName>

# 已连接设备查找
flutter devices

# 应用安装
flutter install

# 资源打包
flutter assemble

# 应用构建
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm --debug true --local-engine=<兼容ohos的engine产物路径>

# 应用运行
flutter run --local-engine=<兼容ohos的engine产物路径>

# 调试模式
flutter attach
```

实践命令（创建项目并打包hap）

```shell
# create
flutter create --platforms ohos,android myapp
cd myapp
# build debug hap
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm64 --debug true --local-engine=/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_debug_unopt_arm64
# build release hap
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm64 --local-engine=/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_release_arm64
```

flutter build hap -h

```shell
Build an Ohos Hap file from your app.

Global options:
-h, --help                  Print this usage information.
-v, --verbose               Noisy logging, including all shell commands executed.
                            If used with "--help", shows hidden options. If used with "flutter doctor", shows additional diagnostic information. (Use "-vv" to force verbose logging in those cases.)
-d, --device-id             Target device id or name (prefixes allowed).
    --version               Reports the version of this tool.
    --suppress-analytics    Suppress analytics reporting when this command runs.

Usage: flutter build hap [arguments]
-h, --help               Print this usage information.
    --target-platform    The target platform for which the app is compiled.
                         [ohos-arm64 (default), ohos-arm, ohos-x86]
    --debug              Build a debug version of your app.
    --profile            Build a version of your app specialized for performance profiling.
    --release            Build a release version of your app (default mode).
```

# hdc找不到已连接设备的解决方案

在Linux下在非root权限下使用hdc会出现无法找到设备的情况，此问题原因为用户USB操作权限问题，解决方法如下：

```shell
sudo chmod -R 777 /dev/bus/usb/
```

或者su切换到root用户下运行

这样操作之后 hdc list targets 可查看到已连接的OH设备

# 持续关注

- OHOS Dev：[https://gitee.com/ohos-dev](https://gitee.com/ohos-dev) `OpenHarmony开源项目组织，为OpenHarmony的未来而创建，Peace & Love`
- BiliBili：[https://space.bilibili.com/74433635](https://space.bilibili.com/74433635) `投稿OpenHarmony探索研究、应用开发和相关技术教程`
  

[/md]

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